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kk彩票2023-04-24

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中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

  • 私募备案拟定新规严把行业“入口关”:大中型机构未受影响******

      记者 昌校宇

      1月10日,中国证券投资基金业协会(以下简称“中基协”)发布的《私募投资基金登记备案办法(征求意见稿)》(以下简称《办法》)及配套指引征求意见结束。

      对于业界高度关注的私募基金管理人实缴资本和基金产品初始实缴募集资金规模等条款,接受《证券日报》记者采访的专家、业内人士表示,《办法》相关要求有助于加速行业出清、扶优限劣,对具有一定规模的机构影响不大,更多是约束行业内浑水摸鱼、相对不正规的机构的行为。

      适度提高管理人登记要求

      《办法》从基本经营、出资人和从业人员等方面出发,适度提高私募基金管理人登记要求。其中,私募基金管理人实缴资本高于1000万元(创投除外)、出资人必须以自有资金出资且有资产管理等相关经验、从业人员兼职限制等条款被市场热议。

      清华大学全球私募股权研究院研究部总监李诗林对《证券日报》记者表示,私募基金管理人自身的治理结构、财务能力及从业人员专业化水平是确保私募基金规范运作的核心要素,从长远看,严把行业“入口关”,有利于提升行业规范化与专业化水平。

      李诗林进一步表示,“至于已完成备案登记的存量私募基金管理人,是否需要按新的要求进行规范,《办法》暂未明确规定,有待协会后续做进一步说明。”

      对于《办法》对管理人登记提出更高要求,多家具有一定规模的私募证券、私募股权、创业投资基金管理人均表态,目前影响不大。

      衍盛资产董事长、投资总监章友对《证券日报》记者表示,《办法》立足于保护投资者和规范市场证券投资、研究活动,提出一些规范性要求,其中不乏较多执行性强的意见。从长期看,将倒逼从业人员提高业务素质、机构提高管理规范程度。

      章友进一步介绍,对于目前已具备一定规模(中等以上)的私募来说,绝大多数的投研和管理体系已相对成熟,受影响不大。《办法》更多是约束行业内浑水摸鱼、相对不正规的机构。

      除了明确管理人登记标准,《办法》还总结备案常见问题,明确基金备案最低规模要求等,引导私募基金回归本质。

      就私募基金初始实缴募集资金规模的规定,蒙玺投资认为,“这对私募基金管理人的募资能力提出更高要求。目前来看,对公司业务整体影响较小。”

      北京利物投资管理有限公司创始人、合伙人常春林建议,小型私募应在符合法律法规相关要求下,合规运营,形成差异化竞争优势和品牌优势,持续为投资人带来合理回报,尽快跨过初创期。

      李诗林认为,对于产品初始备案资金的要求,初衷是打击一些“买壳”“卖壳”的虚假私募行为,同时也为了保证私募基金管理人设立以后能够维持基本业务收入。不过,预计业内针对这一条款会反馈一些不同意见,特别是对私募股权基金与创业投资基金来说,在实践中,这些基金投资项目从项目接洽、投资协议谈判到完成投资交割等流程、周期较长,因此,这些基金往往是在投资项目确定以后再通知投资者实际缴付出资,而非一开始就将大量资金置于私募基金账上。此外,当前我国正鼓励私募股权及创投基金加大对处于种子期、初创期项目的投资,这些投资往往不需要太多资金,基金规模过大,反而可能会妨碍这些基金对早期项目的投资。因此,建议监管层面再汇集行业内多方面反馈意见,在规范与发展之间寻求适度平衡。

      《办法》或于上半年落地

      值得肯定的是,《办法》在基础自律规则层面对实践中出现的新问题作出回应,进一步提升规则的科学性、透明度和有效性,为私募基金行业高质量发展保驾护航。

      常春林预计,“《办法》或于今年上半年正式落地。”

      华北地区某小型私募透露,“相关意见已匿名通过券商上报。由于业务实操存在特殊情况,希望监管层面对于初创机构发展中的共性情况,政策预留空间。”

      中基协数据显示,截至2022年末,存续私募证券投资基金92754只,规模5.56万亿元;存续私募股权投资基金31550只,规模10.94万亿元;存续创业投资基金19354只,规模达2.83万亿元。

      常春林预计,未来3年至5年,私募基金行业将迎来高速发展期,投资策略也更加多元化。私募基金管理人“二八分化”将更明显,头部、中部私募或占据超过80%的管理规模,尾部私募管理规模占比将逐渐缩小,不具特色、不能够为投资者带来价值的“伪”私募将逐渐被市场淘汰。

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